离心风机由于运行条件恶劣,故障率较高,容易导致机组非计划停运或减负荷运行,影响正常生产。所以加强对离心风机的维护和保养,特别是要迅速判断出离心风机运行中故障产生的原因,采取相应的必要措施就显得十分重要了。
Analysis of main causes of vibration failures of centrifugal fans and effective treatment methods
Due to the poor operating conditions and high failure rate, the centrifugal fan can cause unplanned outage or load reduction operation of the unit, which will affect normal production. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the maintenance and maintenance of the centrifugal fan, especially to quickly judge the causes of the fault in the operation of the centrifugal fan, and take the necessary measures.
离心风机振动是运行中常见的现象,只要在振动控制范围之内,不会造成太大的影响。但是离心风机的振动超标后,会引起轴承座或电机轴承的损坏、电机地脚螺栓松动、离心风机机壳、叶片和风道损坏、电机烧损发热等故障,使离心风机工作性能降低,甚至导致根本无法工作。严重的可能因振动造成事故,危害人身健康及工作环境。公司曾发生过因离心风机振动大,叶轮与壳体发生摩擦,引起设备着火的事故案例,给公司带来了较大的经济损失。
Centrifugal fan vibration is a common phenomenon in operation. As long as it is within the scope of vibration control, it will not cause too much impact. But after the centrifugal fan's vibration exceeds the standard, it will cause the damage of the bearing seat or motor bearing, the loosening of the anchor bolt of the motor, the casing of the centrifugal fan, the damage of the blade and air duct, the burning of the motor and so on, which can reduce the performance of the centrifugal fan, and even lead to the failure of the work. Serious accidents may be caused by vibration, which may endanger people's health and working environment. The company has caused large economic losses to the company because of the large vibration of centrifugal fan, the friction between the impeller and the shell, and the accident caused by the ignition of the equipment.
所以查找离心风机振动超标的原因,并针对不同的现象分析原因采取恰当的处理办法,往往能起到事半功倍的效果。公司长期用测振仪对离心风机振动进行测量,并记录数据,结合生产实际中出现的故障现象对离心风机的振动原因作出了如下总结,并提出了相应的处理措施。
Therefore, to find out the reasons for the excessive vibration of the centrifugal fan, and to take appropriate measures to analyze the reasons for different phenomena, often can make the result twice the result with half the effort. The vibration of centrifugal fan is measured by the vibration meter for a long time, and the data are recorded. The vibration causes of the centrifugal fan are summarized as follows, and the corresponding treatment measures are put forward.
离心风机轴承箱振动
离心风机最常见的故障就是轴承箱振动,可以通过外部检测进行初步诊断。轴承箱振动引起故障有迹可查,是一个振动由小变大,缓慢发生的过程。公司采用测振仪定期对离心风机的轴承箱进行振动值检测,对比振动值,迅速做出正确分析和处理,提前对有可能发生故障的离心风机进行有计划的检修,保证了离心风机的安全平稳运行。
Vibration of bearing box of centrifugal fan
The most common fault of centrifugal fan is the vibration of bearing box, which can be preliminarily diagnosed by external detection. The vibration caused by bearing box vibration can be observed. It is a process of small vibration and slow occurrence. The vibration value of the bearing box of the centrifugal fan is tested regularly by the vibration meter, and the vibration value is compared, the correct analysis and processing are made quickly, and the centrifugal fan with the possibility of failure is planned in advance, and the safe and stable operation of the centrifugal fan is ensured.
1. 转子质量不平衡引起的振动
公司发生的离心风机轴承箱振动中,大多数是由于转子系统质量不平衡引起的。造成转子质量不平衡的原因主要有:叶轮出现不均匀的磨损或腐蚀;叶轮表面存在不均匀的积灰或附着物;叶轮补焊后未做动平衡;叶轮上零件松动或连接件不紧固等。
转子不平衡引起的振动的特征,用测振仪测得数据显示:(1) 振动值径向较大,而轴向较小;(2) 振动值随转速上升而增大。
Vibration caused by mass imbalances of 1. rotor
The vibration of the centrifugal fan bearing box is mostly caused by the unbalanced quality of the rotor system. The main reasons for the uneven rotor quality are: uneven wear or corrosion of the impeller; unevenly distributed ash or attachments on the surface of the impeller; unbalance of the impeller after welding; the loosening of the parts on the impeller or the unfastening of the connecting parts.
The vibration characteristic caused by the rotor unbalance, the data measured by the vibration meter show that (1) the vibration value is larger in radial direction and smaller in the axial direction; (2) the vibration value increases with the speed.
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